The Age of Absolutism: Section 5 Absolute Monarchy in Russia

1. What rewards and punishments did Peter use to solidify his control over the nobles?
-Rewards Petter used to solidify the nobles were, laws ensuring control over their lands, including serfs and those lands.
Their punishment was being tortured and executed.


2. What impact did Peter’s defeat of Sweden have on Russia’s expansion?
-Peter's impact was humiliating. His army lost to Sweden's' army of 8,000 men when they were greatly outnumbered. He Rebuilt his army and defeated them in 1709 gaining control of the Baltic Sea.

3. How were Catherine’s goals similar to those of Peter?
-Both of their ideas, were the same, because they both embraced Western ideas and worked to bring Russia fully into European cultural and political life. Encouraged French languages and customs, wrote histories and plays, and organized performances.

4. Compare the vision that Peter and Catherine had for Russia’s future. What was different?
-Both vision for Russia, was to expand its borders, gained war with the Ottoman Empire to gain warm-water port on the Black sea. Also, they both ruled under absolute monarch. 
Their differences were that Peter the Great wasn't as harsh to peasants.

The Age of Absolutism Section 3 & 4

1. Why did Henry VIII work with Parliament?
- Henry VIII worked with the Parliament ,because he broke with the Catholic Church, he turned to the Parliament to legalize his actions. This made the Monarch head of the Church in England. Another reason was because of the need for money.


2. What was the Petition of Right?
-The Petition of Right, prohibited the king from raising taxes without Parliament's consent or from jailing anyone without legal justification.


3.What was the result of the English Civil War?
-The result of the English Civil War was Cromwell's army defeating the Cavaliers. In 1649 the King was executed by his own people, sending a message that, in England no ruler can claim absolute monarch.


4.Who are the Puritans?
-Puritans "purify" the church of Catholic practices. They wanted a simpler services and a more democratic church without bishops.


5. What was the Commonwealth?
-The Commonwealth declared England a republic, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell


6. What was the Glorious Revolution?
-The Purpose of the Glorious Revolution to overthrow the king.


7. What three political institutions contributed to the evolution of Britain’s constitutional government?
-Three new political institutions arose in Britain, they were political parties, the cabinet and the office of prime minister.


8. How did British society remain divided?
-British society preferred an oligarchy government in which ruling power belongs to a few people.


9. What were some effects of the Peace of Westphalia? (section 4)
-Some effects were, that so many powers had been involved in the conflict, the treaties aspired both to ring about a general European peace and to settle other international problems.


10. What caused the War of the Austrian succession?
-The cause of the Austrian succession was because shortly after Charles's death, Frederick II of Prussia seized the rich Hapsburg province of Silesia.


11. What were the two main rivalries after 1750?
-Two main rivalries were Prussia battled Austria for control of the German States, while Britain and France competed to develop their overseas empire.

The Age of Absolutism

1. Why did Charles V divide the Hapsburg Empire?
-Charles V divided Hapsburg empire because, it was too hard for one king to handle. He gave up his tittle as king.


2.What was the Siglo de Oro?
-Siglo de Oro (Golden Age) started from 1550-1650 century, where arts and literature became popular.


3.How did Philip II extend Spain’s power and help establish a golden age?
-Philip II extended Spain's power by fighting in many wars to advance Spanish Catholic power. He reigned as am absolute monarch and asserted that he ruled by divine right. 
-He helped establish the golden age, because he was very enthusiastic of the arts and also founded sciences and mathematics.


4.Why did Spanish power and prosperity decline?
-Thorughout the 1600 century, Spanish strength and prosperity decreased, due to the defeat of the armada. Philip's succesors ruled far less than he had, and economy problems were also part of the problem.


5.What values of chivalry motivate Don Quixote’s attack on the windmills?
-Don Quixote is considered one of the first European novel. It mocks traditions of Spain's past.


6.What rights did the Edict of Nantes extend to Huguenots?
-Giving the Hughenots religious toleration and other freedoms.


7.What was the purpose of Louis XIV’s extravagant palace and daily rituals?
-He wanted his palace to be one of the biggest palace's in Europe.
-Leading nobles to Versailles (Louis palace) turned them into courtiers angling for prileges rather than rival warriors battling for power.


8.Explain whether or not you think if Louis XIV’s reign was good for France
-I do believe his reign was good for France because, he made France one of the strongest states in Europe. Although, I don't like, how he wanted the divine right system to continue and after he made some decissions that affected France in a very strong way.