Britain Leads the Way

1. What were the conditions in Britain that prepared the way for the Industrial Revolution?
- Britain prepared the Industrial Revolution, because it had plenty of skilled mechanics, population explosion boosted demand for goods. Money was also necessary to start a business.


2. What was the steam locomotive?
-The steam locomotive, was an invention that made the growth of railroads possible. They developed a steam-powered locomotive, to pull carriages along iron rails. This invention made the shipping goods to be swiftly and cheaply.

3. Explain what caused urbanization and what life was like in the new industrial cities.
-Urbanization was caused, because the changes in farming, soaring population, and ever-increasing demand for workers.

4. Compare the the industrial working class and the new middle class.
-The middle class, were people whom benefited more. They were able to have a richer life and women did not have to work, instead they used their energy to raise their children. Industrial Working class, were hard working and were more of the middle class whom lived in pleasant neighborhoods and vast numbers whom struggled to survive in foul-smelling slums.

5. What were the benefits and challenges of the industrialization?
-The benefits out of the industrialization, were that labor unions won the right to bargain with employets for better wages, hours, and working conditions. Then working-class men gain the right to vote, which gave them political power. 
Some challenges faced were low pay, dismissal living conditions. As a demand for mass-produced goods grew, new factories opened which gave new jobs. Wages rose.
6. Describe what utilitarianism was
-Utilitarianism  was an idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizen.

7. Summarize the theories of socialism.
-The theories behind it was that they condemned the evils of industrial capitalism, which they believed had created a gulf between rich and poor. To end poverty and injustice they came up with socialism. 

8. Explain Mar’s view of the working class and the response to Marxism.
-Marx said that the "haves" were the bourgeoisie. The "have-nots" were the proletariat (working class)

The Age of Napoleon

1. How did Napoleon rise to power so quickly in France?
-Napoleon rose to power so quickly, because he was a victorious general, whom brought many victories, leading him to a political leader.


2. Why do you think Napoleon was able to gain absolute power in France?
-Napoleon was able to gain absolute power, because he had held a plebiscite.

3. Why do you think Napoleon was so popular?
-Napoleon was popular, because of the polices he offered to the citizens. Not only did he get his peoples vote but also was supported by class lines.

4. What reforms did Napoleon introduce during his rise to power?
-Napoleon introduced many reforms like:

• Restore economic prosperity, controlled price, encouraged new industry, and built new roads.
• System of public schools 
• Made peace with the Catholic Church

5. How did Napoleon use “forceful diplomacy” to gain power?
-Napoleon used forceful diplomacy by using annexed to his empire parts of Italy and Germany. Abolished the tottering Holy Roman Empire and created a 38-member Confederation of the Rhine under French protection.
6. How did geography both help and hurt Britain during the war with France?
-Napoleons Continental System failed to bring Britain to its knees. The war the French prepared was fought off the southwest coast of Spain, British Admiral smashed the French fleet.
 An invasion ruled out and struck at Britain's lifeblood, its commerce.

7. How did nationalism both help and harm Napoleon?
-Nationalism helped Napoleon as armies as foreign oppressors. They resented the Continental System and imposed French culture on them. It harmed, because there were many revolts against France. German states, leaders encouraged national loyalty among German-speaking people to counter French influence.

8. How did Napoleon come to dominate most of Europe by 1812?
-By 1812 Napoleon dominate because he had many reforms that helped him be on that power, Continental system also helped as well as his military tactics which allowed him to dominate over land far more quickly.

9. What challenges threatened Napoleon’s empire and what led to the disaster in Russia?
- Challenges Napoleon faced was the burned down of French crops and villages as the Russians passed by.Scorched-earth policy left the French hungry and cold as winter came. He didn't had enough supplies for his army causing him to have a disadvantage. He quickly went to Paris and made an army again.

10. Who was a part of the Quadruple Alliance, and what was its purpose?
-The Quadruple Alliance was Russia, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia, and their purpose was to act together to maintain the balance of power and to suppress revolutionary uprisings, especially in France.

11. Do you think restoring the monarchy in France will help create a lasting peace in Europe? Why or why not?
-I don't think restoring monarchy will benefit France, because the ruling of one person can cause distress, and many other fights in politics over or not the decision made would be good to France.

12. How did Napoleon impact Europe and the rest of the world?
-Napoleon's impact over Europe was definitely huge since many of his reforms helped many citizens. Today some of them can still be in use as others can be change to more modern reforms so it could be beneficial for France. Not only that but it spread ideas of revolution over France.

Explain the chief goal and outcome of the Congress of  Vienna.
-The purpose of the meeting in the Congress of Vienna was to restore stability and order in Europe after years of war. The decision makers was to create a lasting peace by establishing balance of power and protecting the system of monarchy.They wanted France as one equal partner.